Упражнения на времена

    

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Exercise 1 Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present Indefinite или Present Continuous:

    1. What you (to do) here? - I (to wait) for a friend. 2. He (to speak) English? - Yes, he (to speak) English quite fluently. 3. listen! Someone (to knock) at the door. 4. Don’t enter into the classroom! The students (to write) a test there. 5. She (to write) letters to her mother every week. 6. Ships (to travel) from Saratov to Novgorod in three and a half days. 7. The man who (to smoke) a cigarette is our English teacher. 8. Let’s go for a walk, it not (to rain). 9. You (to hear) anything? - I (to listen) hard, but I not (to hear) anything. 10. My husband (to smoke) a great deal. 11. Listen! The telephone (to ring). 12. Where is Peter? - He (to have) his English lesson. I think that he always (to have) it at this hour.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Где Вальтер? - Он играет в теннис. 2. Он хорошо играет в футбол? - Нет, он играет плохо. 3. Я не знаю человека, который разговаривает с директором. 4. Я часто разговариваю с моим приятелем о нашей поездке на Кавказ. 5. Александр поет очень хорошо. 6. Слушайте, Иван поет в соседней комнате. 7. Он не видит, что я на него смотрю, так как он читает что-то с большим интересом. 8. Позвоните ему сейчас. Я думаю, что он еще не спит. 9. Посмотрите на человека, который сидит у окна. Это наш адвокат.



Exercise 2 Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous:

    1. Mary (to learn) French at the University. She (to learn) English since last autumn. 2. They are busy now. They (to discuss) an important question. They (to discuss) it since five o’clock. 3. Where is John? - He (to work) in the library. - He (to work) long? - Yes, he (to work) since morning. 4. My son (to be) in hospital. He (to be) there for ten days. 5. Mr. Ivanov (to teach) French. He is a very experienced teacher. He (to teach) French for fifteen years. 6. I (to know) Jack well. - Since when you (to know) him? - I (to know) him since 1970.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Кого вы ждете? - Я жду друга. - Вы давно его ждете? - Да, я жду его уже около получаса. 2. Что вы переводите? - Я перевожу политическую статью. - Как долго вы ее переводите? - Я перевожу ее уже час. 3. Я перевожу восемь или десять статей неделю. 4. Где мой дневник? - Он лежит на вашем письменном столе. 5. Ваша книга лежит здесь уже несколько дней. Возьмите ее. 6. Мы знаем друг друга очень хорошо. 7. Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как я приехал в Петербург. 8. Г-н Браун - директор нашего завода. Он директор завода с 1990 г. 9. Мой брат живет в Омске. - С каких пор он живет там? - Он живет там с 1985 г.

 

Exercise 3 Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, Present Perfect или Past Indefinite.

    1. You (to read) that magazine yet? - No, I only just (to begin) it. 2. Stepanov (to leave) Moscow? - No, he is still in Moscow. 3. When the delegation (to arrive) in Kiev? It (arrive) yesterday. 4. I not (to see) Ann at the lecture. 5.I not (to see) this film yet, 6 I (to hear) a lot about it. 6. He isn’t here, he just (to go) out. 7.I (to have) no news from him since he (to leave) home. 8. We (to discuss) the matter during breakfast. 9. I can give you a definite answer as I not (to discuss) the matter with the manager.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Почему вы надели пальто? Сегодня совсем тепло. 2. Ваш брат вернулся в Минск. 3. Когда ваш брат вернулся в Петербург? 4. Вы закончили свою работу? - Да, я закончил ее вчера. 5. Я принес вам несколько очень интересных статей. 6. Куда вы положили мой словарь? Я не могу его найти. 7. Он положил документы на стол и вышел из комнаты. 8. Я никогда не читал этой книги. 9. Я никогда не купался после захода солнца, когда жил в Ялте. 10. Отец пришел. Он ждет вас внизу. 11. Я его не видел с зимы. 12. Я уже говорил вам об этом два раза. Разве вы не помните? 13. Я не знаю, который сейчас час так как мои часы остановились. 14. Наконец такси остановилось у подъезда большого дома. 15. Вы написали этот тест очень плохо. Напишите его еще раз. 16. Он написал упражнение очень плохо, и преподаватель велел ему написать его еще раз.

 

Exercise 4 Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Past indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:

    1. He not (to see) me as he (to read) when I (to come) into the room. 2. When he was in Tula he (to visit) the places where he (to play) as a boy. 3. The letter (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house. 4. It (to rain) hard last night when I (to leave) the office. 5. The train could not stop because it (to travel) too fast at the time. 6. When I (to call) for my friend, his mother (to tell) me that he (to leave) half an hour before. 7. I (to shout) to him to stop, but he (to run) too fast and not (to hear). 8. Large crowds (to wait) at the station when the Russian delegation (to arrive). 9. When I (to hear) the news, I (to hurry) to see him. 10. We (to walk) to the station when it (to begin) to rain. 11. He (to sit) in the garden when the storm (to break) out. 12. He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him. 13. When I (to wake up) this morning, the sun (to shine) high in the sky. 14. Before he (to enter) the University, he (to work) at a plant. 15. The manager (to leave) the office before I (to arrive). 16. When I (to go) to the room the next day, I (to find) the newspapers exactly where I (to leave) them. 17. We (to walk) for about two hours when at last we (to see) the road.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Я жил в Ленинграде, когда началась война. 2. Его телеграмма пришла, когда я выходил из дому. 3. В прошлом году я часто ходил в кино. 4. Вчера я купил часы, так как потерял свои старые. 5. Он кончил свою работу к 10 часам. 6. Когда я пришел, машинистка печатала письма, которые я ей дал накануне. 7. Когда мой отец был болен, доктор приходил к нему каждый день. 8. Машинистка еще не напечатала всех писем, когда я пришел. 9. Я очень много читал в прошлом году. 10. Стало уже совсем темно, когда мы вернулись домой. 11. Она порезала палец, когда резала хлеб. 12. Я провел свой отпуск в одной маленькой деревне на Неве. Один из моих приятелей посоветовал мне поехать туда. 13. Летом я заходил к ним каждый вечер. 14. Дождь еще не прекратился, когда мы вышли из дому. 15. Я обедал, когда он мне позвонил. 16. На днях я познакомился с одним старым моряком. Он побывал во многих странах на востоке и западе. 17. Я возвращался домой довольно поздно. Становилось уже темно, и шел дождь. Я шел быстро, так как не взял зонтика и боялся промокнуть. Мимо меня проезжали машины. Вдруг одна из них остановилась возле меня, и кто-то окликнул меня. Я узнал голос своего приятеля, доктора А. Он пригласил меня в машину, и через пять минут я был дома. 18. Я читал весь вечер вчера. 19. Я пришел домой, поужинал и начал читать газету. Вдруг я вспомнил, что обещал вернуть своему приятелю учебник. Он дал его мне на два дня и просил вернуть вовремя. Я встал, взял учебник и пошел к своему приятелю. 20. Моя сестра еще спала, когда я встал, так как она вернулась домой очень поздно. 21. Я ждал его около получаса, когда он, наконец, пришел. 22. Они уже два года изучали английский язык, когда начали изучать французский.

 

Exercise 5  1. I (to wait) for you at six o’clock tomorrow. 2. I am sure that they (to complete) their work by June. 3. At 3 o’clock tomorrow I (to have) a German lesson. 4. Tomorrow at this time you (to sail) down the Neva. 5. I hope it (to stop) raining by four o’clock. 6. I hope the next mail (to bring) news from home. 7. She (to return) from the library at eight orclock. 8. I not (to work) at ten o'clock. I (to finish) my home work by that time. 9. At what time you (to be) here? 10. What you (to do) at eleven o'clock? - I (to work) on my composition.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Я думаю, что он будет участвовать в этой работе,. 2. Не опаздывайте. Я буду ждать вас в холле в 9 часов. 3. Он будет работать весь день завтра. 4. Не приходите в 2 часа завтра: он будет занят. У него будет английский урок в это время. 5. Приходите в 6 часов. Директор подпишет все документы к этому времени. 6. Что вы будете делать с 6 до 8 завтра? - Я буду писать доклад.


Exercise 6 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя в придаточных предложениях времени и условия Present Indefinite, Present Continuous или Present Perfect вместо форм будущего времени:

    1. Я еще буду работать, когда вы вернетесь. 2. Я поговорю с ним об этом, когда встречу. 3. Я пойду домой после того, как закончу работу. 4. Если я буду свободен вечером, то пойду с вами в театр. 5. Она будет ужинать после того, как распакует свои вещи. 6. Если он будет еще работать, когда вы вернетесь, посоветуйте ему лечь спать. 7. Если он не придет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму. 8. Я дам вам знать, как только получу iписьмо от него. 9. Мы пойдем, когда перестанет идти дождь. 10. Посидите здесь, пожалуйста, пока не вернется преподаватель. 11. Не сходите с трамвая, пока он не остановится. 12.Я зайду к вам перед тем, как уеду из Петербурга. 13. Пойдемте в парк, когда окончится лекция. 14. Я пойду домой только после того, как машина скроется из вида.


Exercise 7 Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в требуемом по смыслу времени:

    А. 1. The ship (to go) to the north when a storm (to break) out. 2. By this time next year you (to graduate) from the University. 3. He (to become) a doctor now. 4. They (to drive) at about ninety miles an hour when the accident (to happen). 5. Although the weather (to be) fine during the last few days, this spring is not a good one on the whole. 6. When I (to get) to the station, I (to leam) that the bus (to leave) a few minutes before. 7. He generally (to play) baseball very well, but today he (to play) very badly. 8. All last week he (to prepare) for the exam. 9. That man (to teach) in this school since 1992. 10. Water (to change) into ice when the temperature (to drop) below zero. 11. We (to see) your brother a ear ago, but we not (to see) him since then. 12. It (to rain) every day since we (to come) here. 13. When we (to reach) the wood, we (to find) that a party of strangers (to occupy) the spot which we (to choose) for our picnic. 14. Kindly repeat what you just (to say). 15. I only (to succeed) in solving the problem after I (to work) on it for several hours. 16. He reminded me that we (to be) classmates at school. 17. My brother (to remain) in Saratov till the end of the war. 18. I (to hear) that you (to give) up the idea of studying French. 19. Up to now I not (to hear) anything him. 20. He (to be) a correspondent for The Times since 1981. 21. Come to my room as soon as you (to return). 22. I (to know) him ever since we (to be) children. 23. I shall cash the cheque as soon as the bank (to be) open. 24. He said he (to reach) home by midnight 25. By the time he is thirty he (to become) a great pianist. 26. He (to shrug) his shoulders, (to shake) his head, but (to say) nothing. 27. Dima (to go) to St. Petersburg last ear and (to work) there since then. 28. When I get back, they probably (to have supper). 29. He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he never (to be) there.

    B. THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW

    A dog, who (to run) away with a large piece of meat which he (to steal), (to come) to a stream over which (to be) a little bridge. As he (to cross) the bridge, he (to look) down and (to see) another dog with another large piece of meat in his mouth. Not knowing that- what he (to see) was only the reflection of himself in the clear water, he greedily (to drop) his own meat and (to make) a snatch at the other. But, instead of getting anything, he only (to lose) the meat he (to steal).

    C. THE ASS WITH A SACK OF SALT

(A Fable)

    An ass, who (to carry) a large sack of salt which his master (to place) on his back, (to come) to a stream over which there (to be) a bridge. As he (to cross) the bridge he (to slip) and (to fall) into the stream. The salt (to melt) in the water and the ass (to be) glad that his sack (to become) so light. The next day the ass (to cross) the bridge with another bag of salt. He (to remember) what (to happen) the day before, (to fall) into the stream on purpose and (to stay) there until the salt (to melt). After he (to do) the same thing a third time, his master (to decide) to cure the lazy animal of his tricks. He (to fill) the bag with sponges and (to tie) it on the ass’s back. When the ass (to come) to the stream, he (to plunge) into the water at once, expecting that the bag (to become) still lighter. He (to be), however, greatly disappointed when a few minutes later he (to find) that the bag (to be) ten times heavier than it (to be) before.

    D. WHANG THE MILLER

(After GOLDSMITH)

    Whang the Miller was very avaricious. Nobody (to love) money more than he, and he (to respect) only those who (to be) rich. When people (to talk) of a rich man, Whang always (to say), “I (to know) him very well; he and I (to be) friends since childhood,” but when people (to mention) a poor man, he always (to say) that he not (to know) him and never (to hear) his name before, as he not (to be) fond of many acquaintances. One day as he (to think) how to increase his wealth, he (to learn) that one of his neighbours, Hunks by name, (to find) a large pot of gold underground after he (to dream) of it three nights running. The greedy miller greatly (to envy) his neighbour’s luck and (to complain) every day to his customers that he (to be) unlucky, saying, “I (to work) from morning till night for so many years, but I never (to find) any gold. I wish I could dream like my neighbour!” At last he (to dream) one night that under a certain part of the wall of the mill there (to be) a huge pot of gold.

    He (to dream) of the same pot of money the two succeeding nights and (to be) therefore sure that he (to find) the treasure in the place where he (to see) it in his dreams. So he (to get up) early the third morning, (to go) to the mill alone with a spade in his hand, and (to begin) to dig under the corner of the wall. He (to dig) for three hours when at last his spade (to strike) a broad, flat stone, so large that he (can) not remove it. He (to decide) that he (to go) home, (to tell) his wife everything and (to ask) her to help him. So he (to run) home and (to tell) his wife of his dream and of the treasure that (to wait) for them under the stone. They both (to run) back to the place where Whang (to dig) and found that their mill, which Whang (to undermine) by digging, (to fall) and (to lie) in ruins.

    E. THE DEATH OF A HERO

(Adapted from K. SIMONOV'S novel DAYS AND NIGHTS)

    Captain Saburov (to sleep) about an hour when the telephone operator (to awake) him. It (to be) still quite dark and he not (to know) what time it (to be). Jumping down from his bed he (to run) to the telephone.

    “Captain Saburov speaking.”

    This is General Protsenko. Go out, listen, wake up your men, and tell them to listen too.”

    When Saburov (to run) out of the dug-out, it (to snow). For a minute or two he not (to hear) anything, then his ears (to catch) the sound of a distant roar of guns. The (to be) about 25 miles from where he (to be), but the ground (to tremble) as if an earthquake (to shake) it.

    Saburov (to turn) to a soldier who (to stand) nearby.

    “Can you hear anything?”

    “Of course, I can, Comrade Captain. Our guns (to fire).”

    “They (to fire) long?”

    “I (to listen) to them for about an hour”, (to say) the soldier.

    An hour later everybody (to know) that the Soviet troops (to by-pass) Stalingrad to the north and south and (to encircle) the Germans.

    Everybody (to want) to do something to help the Soviet troops in their great offensive. Captain Saburov (to ask) the divisional commander to allow him to make a night attack on a building which the Germans (to occupy) just in front of his lines.

   The Germans (to think) that they (to cut off) completely the area occupied by Saburov and not (to expect) an attack.

    The night attack (to begin) at a quarter past one. The Russians (to capture) the building and then (to prepare) to defend it against German counter-attacks. Saburov and his friend Lieutenant Maslennikov, (to lie) side by side in the window of a cellar just on a level with the ground. They (to see) some German soldiers enter the cellar through a hole they (to find) in the wall. As the Germans (to pass), Saburov (to open) fire with his tommy-gun. After he (to use) up all the ammunition, he (to throw) his tommy-gun at a German who (to pass) with such force that he (to fall) forward on his face. At that moment another German soldier (to lift) a gun over Saburov. Maslennikov (to jump) at the German and both of them (to fall) to the ground and (to roll) over and over. Saburov just (to get up) on his feet when he (to hear) some revolver shots and (to see) that the German (to rise) over Maslennikov's body. He (to seize) the tommy-gun which (to lie) on the ground and (to hit) the Genie several times on the head with all his strength. Just then some Soviet soldiers (to rush) into the cellar and (to tell) him that the Germans (to retreat). Saburov (to drop) down beside Maslennikov and (to see) that his friend (to be) dead. He (to send) for the sappers and (to order) them to dig a grave for Maslennikov.

    As soon as it (to be) light and he could see the face of his friend who (to die) to save him, he (to bend) over Maslennikov and (to take) his documents and medals. A salute of three volleys (to be fired) over the grave of the hero. Sounds of gun-fire (to come) from the west where Soviet troops (to close) the ring around 300,000 Germans.

    Переведите на английский язык:

    1. Завтра в это время мы будем подъезжать (приближаться) к Лондону. 2. Он уехал в Самару в 1955 году и с тех пор живет там. 3. Он работал на этом заводе уже пять лет, когда началась война. 4. Мы пришли домой, когда солнце еще светило. 5. Все уже лягут спать к тому времени, когда мы вернемся. 6. Закройте дверь. Идет дождь, и стало очень холодно. Погода сильно изменилась со вчерашнего дня. 7. Когда я вошел, он положил книгу, которую читал, на стол и встал, чтобы поприветствовать меня. 8. Он не будет делать успехов до тех пор, пока не будет работать больше. 9. Было холодно, так как солнце еще не взошло. 10. Я напишу вам после того, как поговорю с ним. 11. Я знаю его давно и могу сказать, что он очень хороший человек. 12. Собрание уже началось. 13. Если он придет после того, как я уйду, дайте ему книгу, которая лежит иа столе. 14. Уже несколько дней море очень бурное, и с понедельника не было парохода на Сухуми. Мы выедем из Одессы, как только будет пароход. 15. Я шел уже около часа, когда, наконец, увидел большой дом недалеко от реки. Я сразу понял, что это тот дом, о котором говорил мне Александр. Я подошел к дому и постучал. Какая-то женщина сидела у окна и пела. Услышав стук, она встала и пошла к двери. 16. Сегодня я пошел на завод, чтобы повидать г-на А. по делу. Мы договорились встретиться в 3 часа дня. 17. Вчера вечером я ожидал автобус на Невском проспекте. Я заметил, что человек, который стоял рядом со мной, внимательно смотрит на меня. Я узнал своего друга, с которым учился в школе. Я не видал его с 1985 г. и был очень рад, что встретил его.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answers

Exercise 1 1. ... are you doing ... ? I am waiting ... . 2. Does he speak ... ; ... he speaks ... . 3. ... Someone is knocking ... . 4. The students are writing ... . 5. She writes ... . 6. Ships travel... . 7. ... who is smoking ... . 8. it is not raining. 9. Do you hear...; ... I am listening ...; .... I do not hear... . 10, My husband smokes ... . 11. ... The alarm-clock is ringing. 12. ... He is having ...; ... he always has ....

1. Where is Walter? - He is playing tennis. 2. Does he play football well? - No, he plays football badly. 3. I don’t know the man who is speaking to the director. 4.I often speak to my friend about our trip to the Caucasus. 5. Alex sings very well. 6. Listen, Ivan, is singing in the next room. 7. He doesn’t see that I am looking at him as he is reading something with great interest. 8. Ring him up at once. I think that he isn’t sleeping yet. 9. Look at the man who is sitting at the window. He is our lawyer.

Exercise 2 1. Mary learns ... (or: is learning ...); She has been learning .... 2.... They are discussing ...; They have been discussing ... . 3. ... He is working ... ; Has he been working ... ; he has been working ... . 4. My son is ... ; He has been ... . 5. Mr. ivanov teaches ... He has been teaching ... 6. I know ... ; ... have you known ... ; ... I have known ... .

1. Who(m) are you waiting for? - I am waiting for my friend - Have you been waiting long for him? - Yes, I have (already) been waiting about half an hour for him. 2. What are you translating? - I am translating an political article. - How long have you been translating it? - I’ve (already) been translating it for an hour. 3. I translate eight or ten articles a week. 4. Where is my diary? - It is lying on your desk. 5. Your book has (already) been lying here for a few days. Take it. 6. We know each other very well. 7. We have known each other since I came to St.Petersburg. 8. Mr. Brown is (the) director of our factory. He has been (the) director of our factory since 1990. 9. My brother lives in Omsk. - Since whee" (or: How long) has he been living there? - He has been living there since 1985.

Exercise 3 1. Have you read ...; ... I have only just begun it 2. Has Stepanov left... . 3. ... did the delegation arrive ...; It arrived .... 4.1 did not see .... 5.1 have not seen I have heard ... . 6. ... he has just gone out. 7.1 have had ... ; ... he left... . 8. We discussed ... . 9....I have not discussed ....

1. Why have you put on your coat? It is quite warm today. 2. Has your brother come back to Minsk? 3. When did your brother come back to St.Petersburg? 4. Have you finished- your work? - Yes, I finished it yesterday. 5. I have brought you some interesting articles. 6. Where have you put my dictionary? I can’t find it. 7. He put the documents on the table and left the room. 8.I have never read this book. 9.I never bathed after sunset when I stayed in Jalta. 10. Father has come. He is waiting for you downstairs. 11.I have not seen him since the winter. 12.I have already told you about it twice. Don’t you remember? 13.I don’t know what the time is now as my watch has stopped. 14. At last the taxi stopped at the front door of a big house. 15. You have written this test very badly. Write it once more. 16. He wrote his exercise very badly and the teacher told him to write it once more.

Exercise 4 1. He did not see ... ; ... he was reading ... ;... I came ... . 2. ... he visited ... ; ... he had played ... . 3. The letter arrived ... ; ... you left (or; had left) ... . 4. It was raining ... ; ... I left ... . 5. ... it was travelling ... . 6. ... I called ...; ... his mother told ... ;... he had left... . 7.I shouted ... ; ... he was running ... ; ... did not hear. 8. Large crowds were waiting ... ; ... the Russian delegation arrived. 9. ... I heard ... ; ... I hurried ... . 10. We were walking ... ; ... it began to rain. 11. He was sitting ... ; ... the storm broke out. 12. He thanked ... ; ... I had done ... . 13. ... I woke up ... ; ... the sun was shining ... . 14. He entered ... ; he worked ... . 15. The manager ... ; I have arrived. 16. I went ... ; ... I found ... ; ... I had left ... 17. We had been walking ... ; ... we saw.

1.I was living in Leningrad when the war broke out. 2. His telegram arrived when I was leaving home. 3. Last year I often went to the cinema. 4. Yesterday I bought a watch as I had lost my old one. 5. He had finished his work by ten o’clock. 6. When I came the typist was typing the letters which I had given her the day before. 7. When my father was ill, the doctor visited him every day. 8. The typist had not typed all the letters when I came. 9. I read very much last year. 10. It was already quite dark when we came home. 11. She cut her finger while she was cutting the bread. 12.I spent my holiday (or: my leave) in a little village on the Neva. A friend of mine had advised me to go there. 13. In the summer I called on them every evening. 14. It was still raining when we came out of the house. 15. I was having dinner when he rang me up. 16. The other day I made the acquaintance of an old sailor. He had been to many countries in the East and the West. 17. I was returning home rather late. It was already getting dark and it was raining. I was walking quickly as I had not taken my umbrella and was afraid of getting wet. Cars were passing me. Suddenly one of them stopped near me and somebody called me. I recognized the voice of my friend, Doctor A. He asked me to get into the car and five minutes later I was at home. 18.I read (or: was reading) the whole evening yesterday. 19.I came home, had supper, and began to read the newspaper. Suddenly I remembered that I had promised my friend to return him his textbook. He had given it to me for two days and (had) asked me to return it in time. I stood up, took the text-book and went to my friend’s. 20. My sister was still sleeping when I got up because she had returned home rather late. 21. I was waiting for him about half an hour when he came at least. 22. They had been studying English for two years when they started to learn French.

Exercise 5 1. I shall be waiting ... . 2. ... they will have completed ... . 3. ... I shall be having ... . 4. ... you will be sailing ... . 5. ... it will have stopped raining .... 6. ... the next mail will bring ... . 7. She will return ... . 8. I shall not be working ... ; I shall have finished ... . 9. ... will you be ... . 10. ... will you be doing ... ; I shall be working... .

1. I think that he’ll take part in this work. 2. Don’t be late. I’ll be waiting for you in the hall at nine o’clock. 4. He’ll work (or: He’ll be working) the whole day tomorrow. 5. Don’t come at three o’clock tomorrow. He’ll be busy. He’ll be having an English lesson at that time. 6. Come at six o’clock.-The director will have signed all the documents by that time. 7. What will you do (or: What will you be doing) from six till eight tomorrow? - I’ll write (or: I’ll be writing) an artist.

Exercise 6 1. I'll still be working when you come back. 2. I’ll speak to him about it when I meet him. 3. I’ll go home after I have finished,(or after I finish) my work. 4. If I am free tomorrow evening, I’ll go to the theatre with you. 5. She’ll have supper after she has unpacked (or: after she unpacks) her things. 6. If he is still working when you come back, advise him to go to bed. 7. If he doesn’t come tomorrow, send him a telegram. 8. I’ll let you know as soon as I get a letter from him. 9. We’ll go when it stops raining. 10. Sit here, please, until the professor comes back. 11. Don’t get off the tram until it stops. 12. I’ll call on you before I leave St.Petersburg. 13. Let’s go to the park when the lecture is over. 14. I’ll go home only after the car has disappeared (or: after the car disappears).

Exercise 7 A. 1. The ship was going ... ; ... the storm broke out. 2. ... you will have graduated ...3. He has become .... 4. They were driving ...;... the accident happened. 5.... the weather has been ... . 6. ... I got ... ; I learned ... ; ... he is playing ... . 8. ... he prepared (or: he was preparing) ... .9. That man has been teaching ... . 10. Water changes ... ; ... the temperature drops ... . 11. We saw ... ; ... we have not seen ... . 12. It was raining ...; ... we came ... . 13. ... we reached ... ; ... we found ... ; ... a party of strangers had occupied ... ; ... we had chosen ... . 14. ... you have just said. 15. I only succeeded ...; ... I had worked (or: I had been working) ... . 16.... we had been ... . 17. My brother remained ... . 18. I have heard (or: heard) ... ; ... you have given up (or: you had given up)... . 19.1 have not heard .... 20. He has been .... 21. ... you return. 22.1 have known ... ; ... we were ... . 23. ... the bank is open. 24. ... he had reached ... . 25. ... he will have become ... . 26. He shrugged ... ; shook ... ; ... said 27. Dima went... ; ...has been working ... . 28. ... they will probably be having supper (or: they will probably have had supper). 29. ... he had never been ....

B. THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW

A dog, who was running away with a large piece of meat which he had stolen, came to a stream over which there was a little bridge. As he was crossing the bridge he looked down and saw another dog with another large piece of meat in his mouth. Not knowing that what he saw was only the reflection of himself in the clear water, he greedily dropped his own meat and made a snatch at the other. But, instead of getting anything, he only lost the meat he had stolen.

C. THE ASS WITH A SACK OF SALT

(A Fable)

An ass, who was carrying a large sack of salt which his master had placed on his back, came to a stream over which there was a bridge. As he was crossing the bridge he slipped and fell into the stream. The salt melted in the water and the ass was glad that his sack had become so light. The next day the ass was crossing the bridge with another bag of salt.

He remembered what had happened the day-before, fell into the stream on purpose and stayed there until the salt melted (or: had melted). After he had done the same thing a third time, his master decided to cure the lazy animal of his tricks. He filled the bag with sponges and tied it on the ass’s back. When the ass came to the stream, be plunged into the water at once, expecting that the bag would become still lighter. He was, however, greatly disappointed when a few minutes later he found that the bag was ten times heavier than it had been before.

D. WHANG THE MILLER

(After GOLDSMITH)

Whang the miller was very avaricious. Nobody loved money more than he, and he respected only those who were rich. When people talked of a rich man, Whang always said, “I know him very well; he and I have been friends since childhood”, but when people mentioned a poor man, he always said that he did not know him and had never heard his name before, as he was not fond of many acquaintances. One day as he was thinking how to increase his wealth, he learned that one of his neighbours, Hunks by name, had found a large pot of gold underground aftfer he had dreamed of it three nights running. The greedy miller greatly envied his neighbour's luck and complained every day to his customers that he was unlucky, saying, “I’ve been working from morning till night for so many years, but I’ve never found any gold. I wish I could dream like my neighbour!" At last he dreamed one night that under a certain part of the wall of the mill there was a huge pot of gold.

He dreamed of the same pot of money the two succeding nights and was therefore sure that he would find the treasure in the place where he had seen it in his dreams. So he got up early the third morning, went to the mill alone with a spade in his hand, and began to dig under the corner of the wall. He had been digging for three hours when at last his spade struck a broad, flat stone, so large that he could not remove it. He decided that he would go home, (would) tell his wife everything and (would) ask her to help him. So he ran home and told his wife of his dream and of the treasure that was waiting for them under the stone. They both ran back to the place where Whang had been digging and found that their mill, which Whang had undermined by digging, had fallen and was lying in ruins.

E. THE DEATH OF A HERO

(Adapted from K. SIMONOV'S novel DAYS AND NIGHTS)

Captain Saburov had been sleeping about an hour when the telephone operator awoke him. It was still quite dark and he did not know what time it was. Jumping down from his bed he ran to the telephone.

Captain Saburov speaking”.

This is General Prolsenko. Go out, listen, wake up your men, and tell them to listen, too”.

When Saburov ran out of the dug-out, it was snowing. For a minute or two he did not hear anything, then his ears caught the sound of a distant roar of guns. The guns were about 25 miles from where he was, but the ground was trembling as if an earthquake was shaking it

Saburov turned to a soldier who was standing nearly.

Can you hear anything?”

Of course, I can, Comrade Captain. Our guns are firing”.

Have they been firing long?”

I’ve been listening to them for about an hour”, said the soldier.

. An hour later everybody knew that the Soviet troops had by-passed Stalingrad to the north and south and (had) encircled the Germans.

Everybody wanted to do something to help the Soviet troops in their great offensive. Captain Saburov asked the divisional commander to allow him to make a night attack on a building which the Germans had occupied just in front of his lines.

The Germans thought that they had completely cut off the area occupied by Saburov and did not expect an attack.

The night attack began at a quarter past one. The Russians captured the building and then prepared to defend it against German counter-attacks. Saburov and his friend, Lieutenant Maslennikov, were lying side by side in the window of a cellar just on a level with the ground. They saw some German soldiers enter the cellar through a hole they had found in the wall. As the Germans were passing, Saburov opened fire with his tommy-gun. After he had used up all the ammunition, he threw his tommy-gun at a German who was passing with such force that he fell forward on his face. At that moment another German soldier lifted a gun over Saburov. Maslennikov jumped at the German and both of them fell to the ground and rolled over and over. Saburov had just got up on his feet when he heard some revolver shots and saw that the German had risen over Maslennikov’s body. He seized the tommy-gun which was lying on the ground and hit the German several times on the head with all his strength. Just then some Soviet soldiers rushed into the cellar and told him that the Germans were retreating. Saburov dropped down beside Maslennikov and saw that his friend was dead. He sent for the sappers and ordered them to dig a grave for Maslennikov.

As soon as it was light and he could see the face of his friend who had died to save him, he bent over Maslennikov and took his documents and medals.

A salute of three volleys was fired over the grave of the hero.

Sounds of gun-fire were coming from the west where Soviet troops were closing tie ring around 300,000 Germans.

1. At this time tomorrow we shall be approaching London. 2. He went to Samara in 1955 and has been living there since. 3. He had (already) been working at this plant for ten years when the war began (or: broke out). 4. We came home when the sun was still shining. 5. Everybody will (already) have gone to bed by the time we return. 6. Close the door. It is raining and it has become very cold. The weather has changed greatly since yesterday. 7. When I came in, he put the book on the table and stood up to greet me. 8. He will not make any progress until he works harder. 9. It was cold, as the sun had not yet risen. 10.I shall write to you after I have spoken r I speak) to him. 11.I have known him for a long time and I can say that he is a very good man. 12. The meeting has begun. 13. If he comes after I have left (or: I leave) give him the book that is lying on the table. 14. The sea has (already) been rough for a few days and there has been no ship for Sukhumi since Monday. We shall leave Odessa as soon as there is a ship. 15. I had been walking about an hour when at last I saw a little house near the river. I understood at once that it was the house about which Alex had told me. I went up to the house and knocked. A woman was sitting at the window and singing. Hearing the knock she stood up and went to the door. 16. Today I went to the factory to see Mr. Gray on business. We had arranged to meet at three o’clock in the afternoon. 17. Last night I was waiting for a (or: the) bus in Nevsky. I noticed that a (or: the) man who was standing near me was looking at me attentively. I recognized my friend, with whom I had gone to school. I had not seen him since 1985 and was very glad that I had met him.





 

 

 
 
 
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