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Exercise
4
1
The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of them
were slightly injured.
2
She refuses to use machines. This makes her work more arduous.
3
I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
4
The women prayed aloud all night. This kept us awake.
5
The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment
and in deep water the next. This makes it unsafe for non-swimmers.
6
Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people. Mary’s
children couldn’t swim.
7
Ann said that there were far too many notices. Ann’s children
could swim very well.
8
He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of. them hadn’t been
cleaned for at least a year.
9
Jack, the goalkeeper, and Tom, one of the backs, were injured in
last Saturday’s match. Jack’s injuries were very slight. He is
being allowed to play in today’s match. This is a good thing
because the team hasn’t got another goalkeeper. (Combine the last
three sentences only.)
10
But Tom’s leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the
match from the stand.
11
Mr White
didn’t get a seat on his train this morning. This put him in a bad
temper, and caused him to be very rude to his junior partner. The
junior partner in turn was rude to the chief clerk; and so on all the
way down to the office boy.
12
On Monday Tom’s boss suddenly asked for a report on the previous
week’s figures. Tom had a hangover. He felt too sick to work fast.
(Combine the last two sentences only.)
13
His boss didn’t drink. He saw what was the matter and wasn’t
sympathetic.
14
In the afternoon he rang Tom and asked why the report still hadn’t
arrived. The report should have been on his desk by 2 o’clock.
15
Tom’s headache was now much worse. He just put the receiver down
without answering. This was just as well, as if he ’d said anything
he would have been very rude.
16
Fortunately Ann, the typist, came to Tom’s assistance. Ann rather
liked Tom.
17
Even so the report took three hours. It should have taken an hour
and a half.
18
I went to Munich. I had always wanted to visit Munich.
19
‘Hello,
Paul,’ said Mr Jones to the headwaiter. The headwaiter’s name was
Tom. He said ‘Good evening, sir,’ without any sign of
recognition. This disappointed Mr Jones. Mr Jones liked to be
recognized by headwaiters. (Omit the first sentence.)
20
And this time he was with Lucy. He was particularly anxious to
impress Lucy.
Exercise
5 what and
which. Fill
the gaps in the following sentences by using either what or which.
(When which is used it should be preceded by a comma which the
student must insert for himself.)
1
He didn’t believe ... I said . . . annoyed me very much.
2
In detective stories the murderer is always caught. . . doesn’t
happen in real life.
3
He wasn’t surprised at... he saw because I told him ... to expect.
4
In hospitals they wake patients at 6 a.m. ... is much too early.
5
There was no directory in the first telephone box . . . meant that I
had to go to another one.
6
I did ... I could . . . wasn’t much.
7
The clock struck thirteen . . . made everyone laugh.
8
I am sure that. . . you say is true.
9
We travelled second class ... is cheaper than first class but more
crowded.
10
He didn’t know the language . . . made it difficult for him to get
a job.
11
People whose names begin with A always get taken first... is most
unfair.
12
He played the violin all night. . . annoyed the neighbours.
13
When the mechanic opened the bonnet he saw at once . . . was wrong
with the car.
14
I
didn’t buy anything because I didn’t see … I wanted.
15
They
sang as they marched ... helped them to forget how tired they were.
16
I saw a coat marked down to £10 . . . was just... I was prepared to
pay.
17
He was very rude to the customs officer ... of course made things
worse.
18
Show me . . .
you’ve got in your hand.
19
Tell me . . .
you want me to do.
20
The frogs
croaked all night. . . kept us awake.
21
All the roads were blocked by snow . . . meant that help could not
reach us till the following spring.
22
You needn’t think you were unobserved! I saw . . . you did!
23
She was once bitten by a monkey . . . made her dislike monkeys for
the rest of her life.
24
Some dairies have given up electric milk floats and gone back to
horsedrawn vehicles . . . shows that the horse still has a place in
modern transport.
25
She expects me to clean the house in half an hour ... is impossible.
26
He poured water on the burning oil stove . . . was a crazy thing to
do.
27
Would you know ... to do if you were bitten by a snake?
28
They turned on the street lights . . . made it suddenly seem much
darker than it really was.
29
I don’t know . . . delayed the train, but it went much slower than
usual. . . made me late for my appointment.
30
He asked a question ... I answered, and then he asked exactly the
same question again . . . showed me that he hadn’t been listening.
31
The crime was not discovered till 48 hours later . . . gave the
criminals plenty of time to get away.
32
My neighbours on either side of me have painted their houses ... of
course only makes my house look shabbier than it really is,
33
The headmaster believed that children should do . . . they liked . .
. meant, of course, that they didn’t learn much.
34
I couldn’t remember the number of my own car . . . made the police
suspicious.
34 He said that.
. . frightened him was the appalling silence of the place.
36 You will be
punished for . . . you have done.
Exercise
6
whatever, whenever, whoever etc.
Fill each of the gaps in the following sentences with
one of the following words: however, whatever, whenever, wherever,
whichever, whoever.
1
. . . you do, don’t mention my name. (I particularly don't want
you to.)
2
He lives in Wick, . . . that
is (Idon’t know and
don’t much care.)
3
Ann (looking out of the window): Bill’s van
Tom: It isn’t a
van, it’s a station wagon.
Ann: Well, ... it
is, it’s just been given a parking ticket!
4
You’ll
never escape. He’ll find you, . . . you hide yourself, (no matter
where)
5
... of you broke this window will have to pay for it.
6
. . . broke this window will have to pay for it.
7
The lift works perfectly for Tom, but... I use it, the doors stick.
(every time)
8
I’d rather have a room of my own, . . . small, than share with
someone.
9
. . . told you I’d lend you £500 was pulling your leg.
10
Shall I type it or send it like this? - . . . you like.
11
You’re wanted on the phone!
-
I can’t come now. Ask ... it is to leave his number and I’ll ring
him back in half an hour.
12
. . . rich you are you can’t buy happiness.
13
He’s a phrenologist, . . . that is. (Idon’t know.)
14
We must finish tonight, . . . long it takes us. (no matter how long)
15
... it rains, my roof leaks.
16
Announcement: A box of dangerous drugs has been removed from the
hospital dispensary. Will. . . took it please return it immediately?
17
Mothers in this district are not letting their children out alone
till. . . committed these murders has been arrested.
18
He started half an hour ago and his car is faster than yours. . . .
fast you drive, you won’t catch him up.
19
Married man (to bachelor friend): You can do . . . you like in the
evenings but I have to go home to my wife.
20
... my neighbour is cooking there is a smell of burning, (every
time)
21
I hope that. . . left this rubbish here is going to clear it away.
22
We each draw a card and ... of us has the lowest card does the
washing up.
Or
. . . has the lowest
card.
23
If I say, ‘Heads, I win; tails, you lose,’ I will win . . .
happens.
Or
I will win . . . way
the coin falls.
24
. . . used the bathroom last forgot to clean the bath.
Exercise
7 Relative
clauses replaced by infinitives.
Part 1 Replace
the clauses in bold type by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
I have books
that I must read.I have books to read.
A
peg on which I can hang my coat. A peg to hang my coat on.
A
form that you must fill in. A form for you to fill in.
1
We had a river in which we could swim.
2
The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he
could play with.
3
I don’t much care for cooking for myself; if I had a family that I
had to cook for I’d be more interested.
4
Here are some accounts that you must check.
5
I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I
could open it with.
6
I have some
letters that I must write.
7
I don’t want to go alone and I haven’t anyone that I can go
with.
8
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden
that he could play in.
9
We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything that we could
sit on, and the grass was too wet.
10 The floor is
dusty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
11
My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could
keep them in.
12
She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t
anyone to whom she could send cards.
Part 2 Replace
the clauses in bold type by infinitives.
He was the
first man who reached the top.
He was the
first man to reach the top.
13
He was the first man who left the burning building.
14
You are the last person who saw her alive.
15
My brother was the only one who realized the danger.
16
The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.
17
He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the
last who goes.
18
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the
Clyde.
19
The last
person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
20
I was the only person who saw the difficulty.
21
He was the second man who was killed in this way.
22
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
23
Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
24
The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
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Answers
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Exercise 4
1 a bus-load of children, six of whom were 2 refuses to use
machines, which makes 3 I met Mary, who asked 4 prayed aloud all
night, which kept 5 and in deep water the next, which makes it
unsafe 6 Mary, whose children couldn’t swim, said 7 Ann, whose
children could swim well, said 8 cleaning ten windows, most of
which 9 Jack, whose injuries were very slight, is being allowed to
play, which is a good thing 10 Tom, whose leg is still in
bandages, will have to 11 didn’t get a seat, which put him in a
temper and caused him to be rude to his junior partner, who in
turn 12 Tom, who had a hangover, felt 13 His boss, who didn’t
drink, saw 14 The report, which should have been on his desk by
2.00, still hadn’t arrived.15 Tom, whose headache
was now much worse, put down the receiver without answering, which
16 Ann, who liked Tom, came 17
the report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took 18
to Munich, which 19 The headwaiter,
whose name was Tom, said recognition, which disappointed Mr Jones,
who liked 20 with Lucy, whom he was
particularly anxious to
Exercise 5
1 what, which 2 which 3 what, what 4 which 5 which 6 what, which 7
which 8 what 9 which 10 which 11 which 12 which 13 what 14 what 15
which 16 which, what 17 which 18 what 19 what 20 which 21 which 22
what 23 which 24 which 25 which 26 which 27 what 28 which 29 what,
which 30 which, which 31 which 32 which 33 what, which 34 which 35
what 36 what
Exercise 6
1 whatever 2 wherever 3 whatever 4 wherever. 5
whichever 6 whoever 7 whenever 8 however 9 whoever. 10
whichever 11 whoever 12 however 13 whatever 14 however 15 whenever
16 whoever 17 whoever 18 however 19 whatever 20 whenever 21
whoever 22 whichever, whoever 23 whatever, whichever 24 whoever
Exercise 7
Part I 1 a river to swim in 2
someone to play with 3 a family to cook for 4 accounts for you to
check 5 anything to open it with 6 letters to write 7 anyone to go
with 8 a garden for him to play in 9 anything to sit on 10 a brush
to sweep it with 11 a box to keep them in 12 anyone to send cards
to
Part 2 13 the
first man to leave 14 the last person to see 15 the only one to
realize 16 the only man to survive 17 the first to come and the
last to go 18 the largest ship to be built 19 the last person to
leave 20 the only person to see 21 the second man to be killed 22
the first man to walk on 23 the first woman to take 24 the fifth
man to be interviewed
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