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Some,
any etc. and relatives
Exercise
1 some, any and compounds, e.g. somebody, anything,
somehow. Insert some or any, making the appropriate compounds if
necessary.
1
There’s . . . milk in that jug.
2
She wanted . . . stamps but there weren’t... in the machine.
3
I’m afraid there isn’t . . . coffee left; will you grind . . . ?
4
Is there . . . one here who speaks Italian?
5
I’d
like to buy . . . new clothes but I haven’t ... money.
6
There’s . .
. gin in the cupboard but there aren’t. . . glasses.
7
They can’t have . . . more strawberries; I want... to make jam.
8
. . . one I know told me ... of the details.
9
Have you . . . idea who could have borrowed your bicycle?
10
I saw hardly . . . one I knew at the party, and I didn’t get. . .
thing to drink.
11
When would you like to come?
-
. . . day would suit me.
12
Are there . .
. letters for me?
13
Don’t let.
. . one in. I’m too busy to see ... body
14
. . . thing tells me you’ve got. . . bad news for me.
15
I can’t see my glasses . . . where.
16
We didn’t think he’d succeed but he managed . . . how.
17
You’re looking very miserable; has . . . thing upset you?
18
If you had . . . sense you wouldn’t leave your car unlocked.
19
Scarcely . . . one was wearing a dinner jacket.
20
. . . one who believes what Jack says is a fool.
21
She put her handbag down . . . where and now she can’t find it.
22
Will you have . . . pudding or . . . fruit?
23
Haven’t you got. . . friends in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned
them once.
24
Haven’t you got. . . friends here? You should join a club and get
to know people.
25
I see you haven’t. . . maps. Would you like to borrow ... of mine?
26
. . . one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the way.)
27
Come and have supper with us if you aren’t doing . . . thing
tonight.
28
I . . . how imagined the house would be much larger.
29
All the salaries are being paid much later now; it’s . . . thing
to do with the computer.
30
He lives . .. where in France now.
31
You can’t
expect just. . . student to solve the problem. It requires a
mathematician.
32
He’s not very well known here but he’s . . . one (an important
person) in his own country.
33
Where shall
we sit?
-
Oh, . . . where will do.
34
Is there . . . one moving about downstairs? I heard . . . thing
falling.
35
Is there . . . one living in that house? It looks deserted.
36
Would you like . . . thing to drink? There’s . . . very good beer
in the fridge.
Exercise
2 Relatives:
defining, non-defining and connective. Read the
following passage and then do the exercises on it. In answers to
questions, use a relative clause.
Example:
Lucy was
shaking the mat out of the window of the flat. Tom happened to be
passing underneath. Suddenly Lucy’s baby gave a cry and she dropped
the mat. It fell on Tom and knocked his hat off.
(a)
What mat are we talking about?
The mat
that/which Lucy dropped or The mat that Lucy dropped or
The mat that
fell on Tom’s head.
(b)
Who was Tom?
The man who
was passing underneath or The man (that/whom) the mat fell on or The
man whose hat was knocked off.
1 Mr Black
usually catches the 8.10 train. This is a fast train. Today he missed
it. This annoyed him very much. He caught the 8.40. This is a slow
train and doesn’t reach London till 9.40. Mr White usually travels
up with Mr Black. Today he caught the 8.10 as usual.
Mr White normally
borrows Mr Black’s paper to read on the train. As Mr Black was not
there today he borrowed a paper from another passenger, Mr Brown.
(a)
What is the 8.10?
(b)
What is the 8.40?
(c)
Who is Mr White?
(d)
Who is Mr Brown? (Connect
him with Mr White.)
Combine the
following pairs of sentences into one sentence (one for each pair)
using relative pronouns:
(e)
Mr Black usually catches the 8.10. This is a fast train.
(f)
Today he missed the 8.10. This annoyed him very much.
(g)
He caught the 8.40. This doesn’t get in till 9.40.
2
Mr Penn has two umbrellas, a brown one and a black one. Today he
took the black one but left it in the bus on his way to work. When he
was putting on his coat after his day’s work, he saw a dark blue
umbrella hanging on the next hook and took it, thinking it was his.
Actually it belonged to Mr Count.
(a)
What was the brown umbrella?
(b)
What was the black umbrella?
(c)
What was the blue umbrella?
(d)
Who was Mr Count? (Relate
all your answers to Mr Penn.)
3
Jack and Tom both wanted to go to Malta for their holidays. Tom
liked flying so he went to the Blue Skies Agency. They booked him a
seat on a tourist flight. Jack hated flying. He went to the Blue Seas
Agency. They booked him a berth on the MS Banana. Jack enjoyed his
voyage on the MS Banana, especially as he met a very pretty girl on
board. She was called Julia.
(a)
What is Malta? (from
the point of view of Jack and Tom)
(b)
What is the Blue Skies Agency?
(c)
What is the Blue Seas Agency?
(d)
What is the MS Banana?
(e)
Who is Julia? (Relate
all your answers to Jack or Tom or both.)
(f)
Combine the second and third sentences in the passage into one
sentence (Tom . . . flight).
(g)
Combine the next three sentences into one sentence.
4
George and Paul were working on Mr Jones’s roof. When they stopped
work at 6.00 they left their ladder leaning against the house. At
7.00 Bill, a burglar, passed and saw the ladder. The house was now
empty as Mr and Mrs Jones were out playing cards with
Mr and Mrs Smith.
Bill climbed up the ladder, got in through a first- floor window and
went straight to the main bedroom, where he opened a locked drawer
with the help of a screwdriver and pocketed Mrs Jones’s jewellery.
Just then Tom
returned. Tom was a student. He lodged with Mr and Mrs Jones. Bill
heard him coming. He climbed quickly out of the window, leaving his
screwdriver on the floor.
(a)
Who were George and Paul?
(b)
Who was Bill?
(c)
Who was Tom?
(d)
Who was Mrs Jones? (Mention jewellery.)
(e)
Who were Mr and Mrs Smith?
(f)
What ladder are we talking about?
(g)
What window are we talking about?
(h)
What was the screwdriver found on the floor? (Connect it with Bill.)
(I)
Combine into one sentence:
George and Paul
were working on the roof. They left the ladder leaning against the
house.
(j) Combine: Mr
and Mrs Jones were out playing cards. They knew nothing of the
burglary till they arrived home at 11.30.
(k) Combine:
Bill’s fingerprints were on the screwdriver. He was later caught by
the police.
5 Ann is an au
pair girl. She works for Mr and Mrs Green, in Tunbridge Wells. One
day Mrs Green unexpectedly gave Ann the day off. (She thought that
Ann was looking rather tired.) So Ann rang up her boyfriend, Tom, and
said ‘I’m coming up to London by the 12.10 from Tunbridge Wells.
It gets into Charing Cross at 13.10. Could you meet me for lunch?’
‘Yes,
of course,’ said Tom, ‘I’ll meet you at the station under the
clock. We’ll have lunch at the Intrepid Fox.’ Tom usually goes to
the Intrepid Fox for lunch.
On the 12.10 Ann
met a boy called Peter. Peter was attracted by Ann and asked her to
have lunch with him. Ann explained that she was having lunch with
Tom. ‘Well, I’ll wait till he turns up,’ said Peter. So Peter
and Ann waited under a clock, with another passenger, Mary, who had
come up to meet a boy called Paul.
Meanwhile Tom was
waiting under another clock. When Ann didn’t turn up he thought
she’d missed the train, and asked a porter about the next train
from Tunbridge Wells. ‘The next train leaves Tunbridge Wells at
12.30,’ he said, ‘and gets in at 13.40. The next one gets in at
14.30.’ Tom met the 12.30 but Ann wasn’t on it. He couldn’t
meet the next train because he had to be back at work by 14.00. So he
walked slowly towards the exit, wondering what had happened. Luckily
the exit was almost directly under the other clock so he met Ann
after all.
(a)
Who are the Greens?
(b)
What was the 12.10 from Tunbridge Wells?
(c)
What was the 12.30? (Connect it with Tom.)
(d)
Who was Peter? (Connect
him with Ann.)
(e)
Who was Paul?
(f)
What is the Intrepid Fox? (Connect it with Tom.)
(g)
Combine: Mrs Green thought Ann looked tired. She gave her the day
off.
(h)
Combine: Peter hated eating by himself. He hoped to have lunch with
Ann.
(I)
Combine: Tom had only an hour for lunch. He couldn’t wait any
longer.
(j) Combine:
Mary’s boyfriend didn’t turn up. She ended by having lunch with
Peter.
(k) Combine: Tom
and Ann wasted half an hour at the station. This meant that they
hadn’t time for a proper lunch.
(l)
Combine: Tom and Ann very nearly missed one another. This shows that
you should never arrange to meet under a clock.
Exercise
3 Relatives:
defining, non-defining and connective. Combine the
following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns,
making any changes necessary.
1
You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it. (Thank you very
much for...)
2
She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp, (two ways)
3
I am looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt, (two
ways)
4
The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed. (The bed I.. .)
5
Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
6
There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning
from this box.
7
This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
8
I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed. (The chair. . .)
9
Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially
to see him.
10
The man was sitting at the desk. I had come to see this man.
11
I missed the train. I usually catch this train. And I had to travel
on the next. This was a slow train. (Make into one sentence.)
12
His girl
friend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
13
The car had bad brakes. We were in this car. And The man didn’t
know the way. This man was driving. (Make into one sentence.)
14
This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
15
We’ll have to get across the frontier. This will be difficult.
16
A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by flying
glass.
17
The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed.
18
The roads were crowded with refugees. Many of them were wounded.
19
I was waiting for a man. He didn’t turn up. (The man . . .)
20
Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other
guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.
21
The firm is sending me to York. I work for this firm. (The firm . .
.)
22
The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been
destroyed in the explosion.
23
I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
24
He wanted to come at 2 a.m. This didn’t suit me at all.
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Answers
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Exercise 1
1 some 2 some, any 3 any, some 4 any 5 some, any 6 some, any 7
any, some 8 Some, some 9 any 10 any, any 11 Any 12
some/any 13 any, any 14 Some, some 15 any 16 some 17
any/some 18 any 19 any 20 Any 21,some 22 some, some 23 some 24 any
25 any, some/any 26 Any 27 any 28 some 29 some 30 some 31 any 32
some 33 any 34 some, some 35 any 36 some/any, some
Exercise 2
(In some of the answers the relative pronoun is enclosed in
brackets; this means that it can be omitted. The answers given are
not necessarily the only possible answers to the questions. Notice
carefully the presence or absence of commas.)
1
(a) The 8.10 is the train (which/that) Mr Black usually catches,
(b) The 8.40 is the train (which/that) he caught today, (c) Mr
White is a man who usually travels up with Mr Black, (d) Mr Brown
is the man whose paper Mr White borrowed, (e) Mr Black usually
catches the 8.10, which is a fast train, (f) Today he missed the
8.10, which annoyed him very much, (g)
He caught
the 8.40, which doesn’t get in till 9.40.
2
(a) The brown umbrella was the one (which/that) Mr Penn left at
home today or the one (which/that) he didn’t take today, (b) The
black umbrella was the one (which/that) he took or the one
(which/that) he left on the bus. (c) The blue umbrella was the one
(which/that) Mr Penn took by mistake, (d) Mr Count was the man
whose umbrella Mr Penn took.
3
(a) Malta is the place Tom and Jack wanted to go to/went to or
Malta is the place to which Tom and Jack wanted to go. (b) The
Blue Skies Agency is the agency Tom went to or the agency to which
Tom went. (c)
The Blue
Seas Agency is the agency Jack went to or the agency to which Jack
went, (d) the MS Banana is the ship Jack travelled on/in or the
ship on/in which Jack travelled, (e) Julia is the girl
(who(m)/that) Jack met on board, (f) Tom liked flying, so he went
to the Blue Skies Agency, who booked or Tom, who liked flying,
went etc. (g) Jack, who hated flying, went to the Blue Seas
Agency, who booked
4
(a) George and Paul were (the) two men who were working on Mr
Jones’s roof, (b) Bill was a/the burglar who saw them going away
or who stole the jewellery etc. (c) Tom was a student who lodged
with Mr Jones, (d) Mrs Jones was the lady whose jewellery was
stolen, (e) Mr and Mrs Smith were the people the Joneses were
playing cards with or the people with whom the Joneses were
playing cards, (f) the ladder Bill climbed up or up
which he climbed, (g) the window he climbed through or through
which he climbed, (h) the screwdriver he used or the screwdriver
he opened the drawer with or with which he opened etc. (I)
George
and Paul, who were working on the roof, left the ladder (j) Mr and
Mrs Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing (k) Bill,
whose fingerprints were on the screwdriver, was later caught
5
(a) The Greens are the people Ann works for or for whom Ann works.
(b) The
12.10 was the train (which/that) Ann caught or the train
(that/which) Ann came up on. (c) The 12.30 was the train
(which/that) Tom met. (d) Peter was a boy (who(m)/that) Ann met on
the train. (e)
Paul was
the boy (who(m)/that) Mary had come to meet or the boy
(who(m)/that) Mary was waiting for. (f) The Intrepid Fox is the
bar where Tom usually goes for lunch or the bar Tom usually goes
to for lunch or the bar where Tom usually has his lunch, (g) Mrs
Green, who thought Ann looked tired, gave her (h) Peter, who hated
eating by himself, hoped (i) Tom, who had only an hour for lunch,
couldn’t wait (j) Mary, whose boyfriend didn’t turn up, ended
by (k) Tom and Ann wasted half an hour at the station, which meant
(1) Tom and Ann very nearly missed one another, which shows
Exercise 3
(Relatives in brackets may be omitted.)
1 for the
present (which/that) you sent. 2 She was dancing with a student
who had or The student with whom she was dancing 3 I’m looking
after some children who are or The children I’m looking after
are 4 The bed I sleep on has 5 Romeo and Juliet were two lovers
whose parents 6 There
wasn’t any directory in the box (which/that) I was phoning from.
7 This is Mrs Jones, whose son 8 The chair (which/that) I was
sitting on collapsed or The chair on which I was sitting
collapsed. 9 Mr Smith, whom I had come especially to see, was too
busy 10 The man (who(m)/that) I had come to see was 111 missed the
train (which/that) I usually catch and had to travel on the next,
which was 12 His girlfriend, whom he trusted absolutely, turned
out 13 The car (which/that) we were in had bad brakes and the man
who was driving didn’t know 14 This is the story of a man whose
wife suddenly loses 15 the frontier, which will be 16 a small girl
whose hand had been cut 17 into a queue of people, four of whom 18
refugees, many of whom 19 The man (who(m)/that) I was waiting for
didn’t or the man for whom I was 20 in patched jeans, which
surprised the guests, most of whom were 21 The firm (which/that) I
work for is sending 22 The Smiths, whose house had been destroyed,
were given 23 I saw several houses, most of which were 24 at 2
a.m., which didn’t suit me
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