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Exercises
9 Indirect speech: sentences with must, needn’t and have to
must
(first person)
‘I
must’ can remain unchanged but
usually becomes had to
though would have to
is better for an obligation which has only just arisen or is likely
to arise in the future.
Reading
the letter he said, ‘Good heavens! I must go at once!’
He
said, ‘If she gets worse I must stay with her.’
These
would become respectively:
He
said that he’d have to go and
He
said that he’d have to stay.
‘must
I?’ usually becomes
had to.
‘I
must not’ usually remains unchanged.
Student
must
(second and third persons)
‘you/he
must’ usually remains unchanged.
‘must
you/he?’ usually becomes had to.
‘you/he
must not’ remains unchanged or
becomes weren’t to/wasn’t to.
must
used for permanent commands or prohibitions or to express advice
always remains unchanged,
must
used to express deduction never changes.
needn’t
‘I
needn’t’ can change to didn’t
have to/wouldn’t have to in the same
way that ‘I must’ changes
to ‘had to/would have to,
but it very often remains unchanged.
‘you/he
needn’t’ usually remains unchanged.
‘need
I/you/he?’ remains unchanged or
becomes had to.
have
to
Forms
with have to follow the usual rules.. Remember that ‘had
to’ in direct speech will become had had to in indirect:
He
said, ‘After the lecture I had to rush home.’
He
said that after the lecture he had had to rush home.
Put
the following into indirect speech.
1
He said, ‘If what you say is true
I must go to the police.’
2
He said, ‘I must be at the docks
at six a.m. tomorrow.’
3
‘Must you make such a noise?’
he asked.
4
‘You mustn’t come in without
knocking,’he told us.
5
‘Your ticket will cost £5,’ I
said.
‘In
that case,’ said my nephew, ‘I must go to the bank tomorrow.’
6
Park notice: Dogs must be kept on a
lead.
7
His
father said, ‘Tom must work harder next term.’
8
‘You needn’t come in tomorrow,’
said my employer. ‘Take the day off.’
9
‘I must go to the dentist
tomorrow,’ he said. ‘I have an appointment.’
10
Notice: Passengers must not lean out
of the window.
11
He said, ‘There must be someone in
the house; there’s smoke coming from the chimney.’
12
She said, ‘When you are a big boy
you’ll have to tie your own shoes,’
13
‘Port wine must never be shaken,’
my wine-merchant said.
14
‘He hasn’t had anything to eat
since breakfast; he must be starving,’ she said.
15
The official said, ‘This passport
photo isn’t like you at all. You must have another one taken.’
16
‘You mustn’t play with knives,
children,’ said their mother.
17
‘I needn’t get up till nine
tomorrow,’ I said.
18
Railway regulations: Passengers must
be in possession of a valid ticket before travelling.
19
‘How did you get your bulldog up
the escalator?’ I said.
‘I
carried him,’ said Tom.
‘You
must be very strong,’ I said admiringly.
20
‘You mustn’t tell anyone what
I’ve just told you,’ she said to me.
21
‘Need I eat it all, mummy?’ said
the child.
‘Yes,
dear, you must,’ she said.
22
‘I had to drive your pigs out of
my garden,’ she said.
23
‘Sticks and umbrellas must be left
at the desk,’ said the notice m museum.
24
‘Must you do it all tonight?
Couldn’t you leave some for tomorrow, asked her.
25
‘When you go through Bayeux you
must see the tapestry,’ he told me.
26
He said, ‘You must walk faster;
you are far too slow.’
27
‘You mustn’t forget to put the
stamp on or your friend will have to - pay double postage,’ he told
me.
28
‘I needn’t tell you how grateful
I am,’ he said.
Exercises
10 Indirect speech to direct speech
Put
the following into direct speech with the appropriate punctuation.
1
She asked if he’d like to go to
the concert and I said that I was sure she would.
2
She told me to look where I was
going as the road was full of holes and was very badly lit.
3
They said that while they were
bathing they saw someone examining their clothes.
4
I asked if she had looked
everywhere and she said that she had.
5
He suggested giving her a bottle of
wine.
6
He said that the new carpet had
arrived and asked where he was to put it.
7
He said that two days previously an
enormous load of firewood had been dumped at his front gate and that
since then he hadn’t been able to get his car out.
8
They offered me some more wine and
I accepted.
9
He said that if I found the front
door locked I was to go round to the back.
10
She asked the burglars who they were
and who had let them in. They told her to sit down and keep quiet
unless she wanted to get hurt.
11
He asked what the weather had been
like during my holiday and I said that it had been awful.
12
He suggested going down to the
harbour and seeing if they could hire a boat.
13
He said that if I didn’t like
escalators I could go up the emergency staircase. I thanked him and
said that I would do that.
14
He suggested that Tom and I should
go ahead and get the tickets.
15
He said that he thought my electric
iron was unsafe and advised me to have it seen to.
16
He said that if war broke out he
would have to leave the country at once.
17
I asked him if he had enjoyed
house-hunting and he said that he hadn’t.
18
She said that she was surprised to
see that the grandfather clock had stopped and asked if anyone had
been fiddling with it.
19
She said that she had tried to ring
up her mother several times on the previous day but had not succeeded
in getting through.
20
I asked her if she’d like to
borrow the book but she thanked me and said that she had already read
it and hadn’t liked it very much.
21
He wanted to know if I was going to
the dance and suggested that we should make up a party and go
together.
22
I told her to stop making a fuss
about nothing and said that she was lucky to have got a seat at all.
23
The clerk in the booking office
inquired if I wanted a single or return ticket. I asked if a return
was any cheaper. He said it made no difference.
24
My employer hoped I would not be
offended if he told me that, in his opinion, I would do better in
some other kind of job.
25
The AA man told the woman that if
her wheels had gone a couple of inches nearer the edge, the car would
have plunged into the ravine.
26
He said I mustn’t mind if the
first one wasn’t any good.
27
He asked the crowd if they thought
that he was a liar dnd the crowd shouted that they did.
28
I stopped a man in the street and
asked him to help me with my car. The man asked if it would take
long, explaining that he was on his way to catch a train.
Student
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Answers
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Exercise 9 1
said that if what she said was true he would have to go/must go 2
said that he had to/would have to/must be . .. the following day 3
asked if he had to make 4
told us that we mustn’t come 5
told my nephew that his ticket would cost... he said ... he would
have to go ... the next day 6
The park notice said that dogs must be kept 7
said that Tom must/would have to work 8
said that I needn’t come in the following day and told me to
take 9
said he had to/must go ... the following day as he had 10
The notice said that passengers must not lean 11
said that there must be . .. because there was smoke 12
told him that when he was ... he would have to tie his 13
said that port wine must never be shaken 14
said he hadn’t had . . . and that he must be 15
said that the passport photo
wasn’t like her and that she must have/would have to have 16
told the children that they must not 17
said that I needn’t/wouldn’t have to/didn’t have to get up
till nine the next day 18
The railway regulations said passengers must be
19 asked (Tom) how he had got his
dog ... He/Tom said that he had carried him. I said that he must
be 20
said that I mustn’t/wasn’t to tell anyone what she had just
told me 21
asked (his mother) if he had to/need eat it all and she said that
he must/had to 22
said that she had had to drive his pigs out of her garden 23
The notice said that sticks . . . must be left 24
asked her if she had to do it all that night or if she couldn’t
leave some for the following day 25
told me that when I went through Bayeux I must see 26
said that I must walk faster, I was far too slow 27
told me that I mustn’t forget... or my friend would have to pay
28 said
that he needn’t tell me how grateful he was
Exercise 10 1
‘Would he like to go to the concert?’
she asked, ‘I’m sure he would,’ I said. 2
‘Look where you are going,’ she said to me; ‘the road is
full of holes and very badly lit.’ 3
‘While we were bathing,’ they said, ‘we saw someone
examining our clothes.’ 4 ‘Have
you looked everywhere?’ I asked. ‘Yes,’ she said. 5
‘Let’s give her/what about
giving her a bottle of wine?’ he said.
6 ‘The new carpet has arrived.
Where am I to put/shall I put it?’ he asked.
7 ‘An enormous load of firewood
was dumped at my front gate two days ago. Since then I haven’t
been able to get my car out,’ he said. 8
‘Have some more wine?’ they said. ‘Yes, please,’ I
replied. 9 ‘If
you find the front door locked, go round the back,’ he said to
me. 10
‘Who are you?’ she asked the burglars, ‘And who let you in?’
‘Sit down and keep quiet,’ they replied, ‘unless you want to
get hurt.’ 11
‘What was the weather like during your holiday?’ he asked. ‘It
was awful,’ I answered. 12
‘Let’s go down to the harbour and see/What about going down .
.. and seeing if we can hire a boat?’ he suggested. 13
‘If you don’t like escalators,
you can go up the emergency staircase,’ he told me. ‘Thank
you, I’ll do that,’ I said. 14
‘What about Tom and you going
ahead and getting the tickets?’ or ‘Suppose you and Tom go
ahead and get the tickets?’ he said to me. 15
‘I think your electric iron is unsafe. I advise you to have it
seen to’ or ‘I should have it seen to’ or ‘Why don’t you
have it seen to?’ he said to me. 16
‘If war breaks/broke out, I shall/should have to leave the
country at once,’ he said. 17 ‘Did
you enjoy house hunting?’ I asked him. ‘No,’ he said. 18
‘I am surprised to see that the
grandfather clock has stopped. Has anyone been fiddling with it?’
she asked. 19 ‘I
tried to ring up my mother several times yesterday, but I didn’t
succeed in getting through,’ she said. 20
‘Would you like to borrow this book?’ I asked her. ‘I have
read it already, thank you, and didn’t like it very much.’ 21
‘Are you going to the dance? Let’s make up a party and go
together’ or ‘What about making up a party and going
together?’ he said. 22 ‘Stop
making a fuss about nothing! You are lucky to have got a seat at
all,’ I told her. 23
‘Do you want a single or a return ticket?’ asked the clerk in
the booking office. ‘Is a return any cheaper?’ I asked. ‘It
makes no difference,’ he said. 24
‘I hope you won’t be offended,’
my employer said, ‘if I tell you that in my opinion you would do
better in some other kind of job.’ 25
‘If your wheels had gone a couple of inches nearer the edge,
madam,’ said the AA man, ‘the car would have plunged into the
ravine.’ 26 ‘You
mustn’t mind if the first one isn’t any good,’ he said to
me. 27
‘Do you think I am a liar?’ he asked the crowd. ‘Yes!’
they shouted. 28
Stopping a man in the street, I asked, ‘Would/could you help me
with my car?’ ‘Would/will it take long?’ asked the man. ‘I’m
on my way to catch a train.’
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